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Fundamentals of thermodynamics. Fundamentals of thermodynamics. Barbol. Thermodynamics arose as a generalization of the studies conducted between the mechanical energy and the heat exchanged by the heat-engine, and hence the name of the discipline. However, little by little its field of application was expanded to encompass all processes in which there is any transformation of energy, either this type. As almost all of the physics, this discipline is fenomenológicia, i. To study, therefore, the thermodynamics, it is imperative to start by giving some definitions, as for example what and how are the systems with which we will deal with and the variables it depends upon. A system in thermodynamic is any region of space on which we focus our interest. To delimit this region the limit with a wall (which can be real or imaginary) that the fully wrapped. The part of space that is not part of the system is called surroundings or environment. The system and the surroundings form the universe. In thermodynamics we study, therefore, the evolution of a system when this interacts with the surrounding environment, for this we will use variables thermodynamic, which are nothing more than variables that give us information about the state of the system, the dynamic state in which the particles of the system. Macroscopically the state of the system is defined considering a set of properties that apply globally to the system (such as the volume, or electric charge) that we will denote variables or coordinates thermodynamic. Windows 10 Enterprise LTSB Redstone 1 Español Windows 10 Redstone Spanish 14267 change the course of proof-reading of fault new improvements fully updated. HAL 9000, whose name is a acrnimo in English for Heuristically Programmed Algorithmic Computer (Computer algortmico heursticamente programmed), is an. Do note that the variables thermodynamic are measurable and that you don't need to know all the possible variables that define a system, there will be a minimum number of variables that define the state of the system uniquely, are the variables or coordinates of state. These variables are usually categorized in one of two ways: on the one hand, there are variables extrinsic (dependent on the nature of the system and the value that they make certain quantities of the environment) and intrinsic (that only depend on the nature and the state of the system); on the other hand we have the variables extensive (which depend on the amount of matter in the system), and intensive (do not depend on the amount of matter in the system). It is this last classification is the most important and that will be used throughout the notes. We define as a specific magnitude to variables that are extensive items of a quantity that we give account of the matter in the system (either the mass or the moles). It is a variable intensive. We say that a system in thermodynamic undergoes a thermodynamic process when it passes from an initial state of equilibrium. VXuQEkiT5UM/hqdefault.jpg]];var lpix_1=pix_1.length;var p1_0= [[480' alt='Las Nuevas Máquinas (2017) De La Película ' title='Las Nuevas Máquinas (2017) De La Película ' />Los different states that are happening in the system during the process is called path or trajectory of the process. For this process it is necessary that there is interaction between the system and the environment, and this can only occur through the wall. There are basically three types of interaction: mechanical, mass and thermal. The mechanical interaction is due to a variation in the variable extrinsic (for example the volume) and occur until the variables intrinsic associated (in the case of the volume would be the pressure) are equal in the environment and the environment. In this case, we say that the wall is adiabatic. The interaction mass is due to the exchange of matter through a wall permeable. An interaction is thermal any other type of energy exchange. In this case the wall is called diatérmica. We say that the system is open if there can be three types of interaction, we say that is closed if you don't allow the exchange of matter and we say that it is isolated if you don't allow any exchange of energy. Under this name we include systems which allow to transform the heat. A thermal machine is the system that assigns work to the medium by exchanging heat across its borders in a cyclic mode. This heat exchange makes it with two spotlights calorific. In particular the thermal machine receives heat from the bulb warm, it gives heat to the cold focus and delivers work to the environment. The cooling machine is opposite that of the thermal machine. The job of the atmosphere takes heat from the cold focus and gives the focus hot. Of course, both the thermal machine as the chiller can operate between multiple foci. For the study of these machines are defined by the performance, which is the relationship between the benefit obtained and the cost. In a thermal machine, the expression takes the form. In a cooling machine, the expression takes the form. A system is thermodynamically isolated ends up reaching a state of thermodynamic equilibrium that can not leave by himself. The state of a system is determined by several variables, extrinsic and intrinsic. Let's look at a justification of the second postulate of thermodynamics. If we have a system in thermodynamic. In this last case, we say that two isolated systems locally in your environment and in contact diathermy between if they reach a balance of the mutual known as thermal equilibrium. Download Film A Knight Movie (2017). It must be noted that as the wall was only diatérmica variables extrinsic. As is intrinsic and does not depend on the state of the system is a variable intensive. This variable intensive, what we call temperature empirical. If we have two systems. This property is transitive or principle zero of the thermodynamics. Let us consider two systems-thermodynamic simple. Therefore the initial outline of the system. If we put them in contact through a wall diatérmica its variables intrinsic iran ranging up to reach thermal equilibrium. At that point we can designate the balance by a relationship between the coordinates in the general form can be written as. If we now isolate one from the other, but we put them in contact diathermy with a third system. The last two equations we can clear.